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Single pair of double-Weyl fermions in an all-sp2 carbon allotrope

Yun-Yun Bai1, Tianqi Zhang2, Yan Gao1,*, Weikang Wu2,3,†, Yong Liu1, and Shengyuan A. Yang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
  • 2Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
  • 3Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
  • 4Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

  • *Contact author: yangao9419@ysu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: weikang_wu@sdu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 113, L121109 – Published 31 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n5vp-4kt4

Abstract

The realization of a Weyl semimetal hosting a minimal single pair of Weyl points (WPs) is a long-standing goal for fundamental studies of chiral fermions, yet remains elusive in nonmagnetic electronic materials. Here, through first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we propose a stable, all-sp2 hybridized three-dimensional carbon allotrope, HSRDC−C28. Crucially, its low-energy bands host exactly one pair of WPs at the time-reversal-invariant momenta Γ and M, carrying topological charge C=±2, with the sign of the charge tied to the structural chirality. These WPs exhibit characteristic anisotropic dispersions, linear along the C4-rotation axis and quadratic in the plane perpendicular to this axis, and are protected by C4-rotation and time-reversal symmetries. The calculated surface states exhibit ultralong double-Fermi arcs connecting the projections of Γ and M, spanning the entire surface Brillouin zone and providing unambiguous signatures for experimental verification. Our work not only expands the landscape of topological quantum states but also offers a nonmagnetic electronic platform for exploring the physics associated with minimal double-Weyl fermions.

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