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Probing anyonic statistics via Mach-Zehnder interferometry in quantum computers

Shiyu Zhou1,2, Yi Teng3, Claudio Chamon4,5, Claudio Castelnovo3, and Armin Rahmani6

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
  • 2Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
  • 3TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
  • 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
  • 5Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
  • 6Department of Physics and Astronomy and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA

Phys. Rev. B 113, 165101 – Published 1 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mv95-hd77

Abstract

We introduce a synthetic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for digitized quantum computing devices to probe fractional exchange statistics of anyonic excitations that appear in quantum spin liquids. Employing an IonQ quantum computer, we apply this scheme to the toric ladder, a quasi-one-dimensional version of the toric code. We observe interference patterns resulting from the movement of electric excitations in the presence and absence of magnetic ones. We model the noise in IonQ via depolarizing Lindbladian dynamics, and find quantitative agreement with the measurements obtained from the quantum device. The synthetic Mach-Zehnder interferometer can thus also serve as an effective means to probe the coherence length and time scales of multiqubit noisy quantum devices.

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