Double helicoid surface states in Dirac semimetals protected by glide-time-reversal symmetry
Phys. Rev. B 112, 045137 – Published 21 July, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/m5jl-r241
Abstract
Recently, some monopole charges were defined for Dirac semimetals with symmetry (: glide, : time-reversal) in previous works, and the charges are believed to lead to double helicoid surface states. However, no proof of the bulk-surface correspondence is given there. In this paper, we define a generalized charge, which enables us to find various properties of -protected Dirac semimetals. Then, by using the charge, we give a proof of the bulk-surface correspondence. We also show that the new charge is equal to the invariant for -protected topological crystalline insulators, and to the second Stiefel-Whitney number for -protected nodal line semimetals, under some symmetries.