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Nonequilibrium charge-vortex duality

Lazaros Tsaloukidis1,2,*, Francisco Peña-Benítez3,†, and Piotr Surówka3,4,‡

  • *Contact author: ltsalouk@pks.mpg.de
  • †Contact author: francisco.pena-benitez@pwr.edu.pl
  • ‡Contact author: piotr.surowka@pwr.edu.pl
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Phys. Rev. B 112, 104516 – Published 29 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ln96-7j68

Abstract

Traditionally applied within equilibrium states, the charge-vortex dualities are expanded to address the complex dynamics of superfluids and ideal fluids under nonstatic conditions. We have constructed explicit mappings of finite temperature fluid dynamics to gauge theories, enabling a dual description where vortices in both superfluids and ideal fluids are interpreted as charges within these theories. We found that vortices in the normal component naturally exhibit mobility restrictions, as manifested by the symmetries and conservation laws. Next, we formulated the Liénard-Wiechert problem for the ideal fluid at finite temperature and extracted the wave dynamics in the system along with the speed of sound corrections for both fluid components. Finally, we computed the correlation functions for the gauge potentials, particularly elucidating explicit cross-correlations between the normal and superfluid components.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. B 112, 104516– Published 29 September, 2025
  • Received 16 April 2025
  • Accepted 12 September 2025
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