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    Symmetry restoration and quantum Mpemba effect in the complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model

    Sizheng Cao and Xian-Hui Ge*

    • Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China

    • *Contact author: gexh@shu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 285114 – Published 12 November, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lk1h-6769

    Abstract

    Entanglement asymmetry, used here as a direct probe of symmetry restoration, provides a sharp diagnostic of postquench dynamics. We test this idea in the complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (cSYK) model with a conserved U(1) charge. We numerically track the joint evolution of entanglement entropy and entanglement asymmetry after quenches from charge asymmetric product states. We find rapid volume law entanglement growth and late time subsystem equilibration in the cSYK dynamics, accompanied by a concurrent decay of entanglement asymmetry to a late time plateau set by finite-size effects: Small subsystems display near complete restoration, while residual cross sector weight yields a finite plateau. For the system sizes, initial states, and parameters studied, the cSYK model exhibits faster entanglement growth and subsystem symmetry restoration than the XXZ model and a spin-polarized one-dimensional fermion chain after a common energy scale normalization. In the disorder averaged cSYK dynamics, tilted ferromagnetic states with larger initial asymmetry can relax faster and reach lower late time asymmetry plateaus, exhibiting the quantum Mpemba effect. No crossing of the entanglement asymmetry curves is observed for tilted Néel states within the same parameter window. We further derive a Pinsker-type lower bound relating entanglement asymmetry to the purity difference between the reduced density matrix and its U(1) dephased counterpart. These results highlight entanglement asymmetry as a probe of subsystem symmetry restoration and characterize the residual asymmetry at finite sizes in the cSYK model.

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