Interlayer coupling plays a critical role in van der Waals materials by governing lattice stability and emergent quantum phases, yet its impact on few-layer hexagonal ${\mathrm{CoTe}}_2$ remains unclear. Here, using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate monolayer and bilayer ${\mathrm{CoTe}}_2$ with an emphasis on their electronic structures, lattice dynamics, and electron-phonon coupling (EPC) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms driven by interlayer interactions. Our results show that monolayer ${\mathrm{CoTe}}_2$ exhibits pronounced dynamical instability at low temperatures, whereas interlayer coupling stabilizes the bilayer crystal structure and gives rise to phonon-mediated superconductivity with a predicted critical temperature of about 4.7 K when spin-orbit coupling is included. The stabilization and superconductivity in bilayer ${\mathrm{CoTe}}_2$ are primarily attributed to interlayer coupling induced Te $p_z$ charge redistribution and the associated modification of the Fermi surface and electron-phonon coupling. Finally, we discuss how spin-orbit coupling in bilayer ${\mathrm{CoTe}}_2$ weakens the EPC and superconductivity. Our work clarifies how interlayer coupling can jointly tune structural stability and superconductivity in few-layer ${\mathrm{CoTe}}_2$, providing insights for engineering quantum phases in layered transition-metal dichalcogenides.

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• Charge density waves
• Electron-phonon coupling
• Electronic structure
• Superconductivity
• 2-dimensional systems
• First-principles calculations