The thermoelectric effect, as a pivotal research domain bridging condensed matter physics and energy science, has garnered considerable research interest in recent decades owing to its critical applications in industrial waste heat recuperation and thermal regulation of micro/nanoelectronic devices. Conventional thermoelectric phenomena such as the Seebeck and Peltier effects have achieved widespread implementation in thermoelectric generators and solid-state refrigeration systems. The emergence of spincaloritronics has redirected scientific focus toward magnetic-originated thermoelectric effects, exemplified by the anomalous Nernst effect, the anomalous Ettingshausen effect, the spin Seebeck effect and the spin Peltier effect, all exhibiting an odd-symmetric dependence on magnetization, alongside a mutual orthogonal geometry among magnetization, temperature gradient, and charge current. However, the thermoelectric phenomenon of even-magnetization symmetry has rarely been studied. Here, we show the observation of the planar Ettingshausen effect proportional to the quadratic magnetization term in $3d$ ferromagnetic materials. This effect manifests as the generation of an in-plane thermal current induced by an in-plane electrical current under coplanar magnetization configurations, a feature that defies the orthogonal geometry in most magnetic thermoelectric effects. This observation not only establishes completeness in the symmetry landscape of magnetization-dependent thermoelectric responses but also provides possibilities for designing spintronic chips through thermoelectric synergy.

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• Magnetization dynamics
• Spin caloritronics
• Thermoelectrics
• Ferromagnets
• Polycrystalline materials
• Thin films