Phonon softening and strong-coupling superconductivity in metastable
Phys. Rev. B 113, 094507 – Published 10 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jzvc-1qz1
Abstract
A central question in superconductivity is how a semimetal such as antimony, normally nonsuperconducting, can host a robust superconducting state upon Au incorporation. We investigate this problem in metastable , which crystallizes in the simple cubic -type structure stabilized through high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis. Bulk measurements of magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and heat capacity establish type-II superconductivity with . The superconducting state exhibits strong electron-phonon coupling () and the single-gap -wave model yields a superconducting gap of 2.02 , exceeding the BCS weak-coupling limit. Heat-capacity data reveal low-energy Einstein modes and a pronounced Boson peak in the vs plot, highlighting phonon softening as a key factor in the enhanced coupling. We argue that the emergence of superconductivity is driven by the cooperative effect of soft phonons and strong electron-phonon interactions. Density-functional theory calculations indicate a finite density of states at the Fermi level, consistent with a metallic behavior in contrast to the semimetallic nature of pristine Sb.