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    Dimensional crossover of superfluid He3 in a magnetic field

    Leyla Saraj1, Daksh Malhotra1, Aymar Muhikira1, Alexander J. Shook1, John P. Davis1, and Igor Boettcher1,2,3,*

    • *Contact author: iboettch@ualberta.ca

    Phys. Rev. B 112, 174509 – Published 7 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jfwt-f3bw

    Abstract

    Motivated by recent experiments on superfluid He3 in nanoscale-confined geometries, we theoretically investigate the associated phase diagram in a slab geometry and perpendicular magnetic field as the size of confinement is varied. Our analysis is based on minimizing the Ginzburg-Landau free energy for the 3×3 matrix superfluid order parameter for three different boundary conditions. We observe a smooth crossover from the phase diagram of the three-dimensional system to the quasi-two-dimensional limit for slab heights of several hundred nanometers and magnetic fields of several kilogauss. We illuminate that, despite the apparent complexity of the underlying equations, many precise numerical and even analytical statements can be made about the phase structure for general values of the coefficients of the free-energy functional, which can in turn be used to constrain or measure these parameters. To guide future experimental studies, we compute the phase diagram in dependence of pressure, temperature, slab height, and magnetic field.

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