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    Current-induced time-reversal-even nonlinear spin polarization in p-wave magnets

    Ren-Zhao Niu1, Hou-Jian Duan1, Rong Ma2,*, Ming-Xun Deng1,3,†, and Rui-Qiang Wang1,3,‡

    • 1Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
    • 2Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory for Meteorological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    • 3Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

    • *Contact author: njrma@163.com
    • †Contact author: dengmingxun@scnu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: wangruiqiang@m.scnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 045101 – Published 2 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/j73g-flft

    Abstract

    While second-order nonlinear conductivities are extensively applied to detect the Néel vector direction of antiferromagnets, they are absent in p-wave magnets (PWMs), an unconventional type of magnet, due to their time (T) reversal and p-wave band symmetry. Here, we extend the study of nonlinear charge transports to nonlinear spin response. We first derive a quantum formula to calculate the nonlinear spin polarization, which can be applied to a system with an alternating electric field and weak disorder. In PWMs, we find that the nonlinear spin polarization is greatly enhanced near the Dirac point where the mixed Berry curvature (BC) becomes significant due to strong interband coherence. The nonlinear spin response near the Dirac point is exclusively contributed by the T-even component induced by mixed BC, excluding the T-odd component induced by the mixed quantum metric, which is crucial in an altermagnet. Importantly, the nonlinear spin polarization heavily depends on the Néel vector direction and spin splitting parameter in PWMs. Thus, the T-even nonlinear spin polarization is helpful for understanding the physic of mixed BC and further provides an alternate detection scheme of the Néel vector, rather than one based on the usual nonlinear conductivity.

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