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    Bi-isotropic effects on hybrid surface polaritons in bilayer configurations

    Ariel Nonato1,2,3,* and Pedro D. S. Silva1,†

    • 1Coordenação do Curso de Ciências Naturais - Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus de Bacabal, Bacabal 65700-000, Maranhão, Brazil
    • 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, São Luís (MA) 65080-805, Brazil
    • 3Department of Thermal Energy Storage, Iberian Centre for Research in Energy Storage CIIAE, 10003 Caceres, Spain

    • *Contact author: ariel.nonato@ufma.br; ariel.almeida@ciiae.org
    • †Contact author: pedro.dss@ufma.br; pdiegoss.10@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 224434 – Published 17 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hp6p-tspj

    Abstract

    In this work, we investigate the bi-isotropic effects in the formation and tunability of hybrid surface polaritons in bilayer configurations. To do that, we consider a heterostructure constituted with layers formed by a TI medium endowed with bi-isotropic constitutive relations and an AFM medium. Using transfer matrix formalism, we derive general dispersion relations for surface polaritonic modes including the bi-isotropic coupling parameter, and analyze their coupling to bulk magnon-polaritons in the AFM layer. As an illustration, we consider a heterostructure formed with Bi2Se3 interfaced with antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials that support terahertz-frequency magnons. In the non-null bi-isotropic coupling regime, the surface Dirac plasmon-phonon-magnon polariton (DPPMP) dispersion undergoes a pronounced redshift, accompanied by the suppression of the characteristic anticrossing between the Dirac plasmon and the phonon. This effect, observed for all AFM materials considered, suggests a weakening of the hybrid interaction, possibly due to saturation or detuning mechanisms induced by the increased α parameter. The latter yields a redshift that partially compensates the blueshift induced by a higher Fermi level, restoring the system to a weak-coupling regime analogous to that observed at lower Fermi energies. Our findings reveal that both the Fermi level and the bi-isotropic response offer independent and complementary control parameters for tuning the strength of light-magnon coupling in TI/AFM heterostructures, with potential implications for reconfigurable THz spintronic and photonic devices.

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