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  • Letter

Visualizing vortex cluster dynamics in the weakly type-II superconductor CaSb2

Yusuke Iguchi1,2,*, Nabhanila Nandi1,2, and Mohamed Oudah3,4

  • *Contact author: yiguchi.phys@gmail.com

Phys. Rev. B 114, L140504 – Published 28 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gj5m-ntpz

Abstract

Scanning superconducting quantum interference device imaging of CaSb2 reveals dense vortex clusters with enhanced boundary susceptibility and suppressed internal vortex motion, features that are inconsistent with both isolated-vortex and flux tube behaviors. These measurements provide a local visualization of magnetic dynamics within vortex clusters in a weakly pinned superconductor, offering an alternative route to probe nonmonotonic vortex-vortex interactions that are typically expected in single-band type-II/1 or multiband type-1.5 superconductors. Although the superfluid density follows a single-gap BCS model, vortex clustering and spatially inhomogeneous dynamics are clearly observed in a regime where reported Ginzburg-Landau parameters place CaSb2 near the type-I/type-II boundary.

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