Three-dimensional quantum Hall effect of Fermi arc surface states in tilted Weyl semimetals
Phys. Rev. B 114, 115414 – Published 24 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gd4w-x272
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) quantum Hall effect (QHE) of Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals has attracted significant interest. In this work, we explore the 3D QHE of Fermi arc surface states in tilted Weyl semimetals. We systematically consider both the symmetric the and asymmetric tilts. For the asymmetric tilt, the Fermi arcs form a straight line, which cannot support the 3D QHE irrespective of the value of the tilt. However, for the symmetric tilt, when the tilt increases from zero to finite values in type I, the intersection geometry of Fermi arcs undergoes a transformation from null crossing to finite-area overlap, which corresponds to a nonzero Hall conductivity. Meanwhile, the Landau levels exhibit asymmetric energy distribution with respect to the Fermi level at Weyl nodes, which prevent the cancellation between contributions from electronic states above and below the Weyl nodes, leading to the nonvanishing Hall conductivity. This topological reconstruction suggests that the nonzero symmetric tilt can modulate the 3D QHE in Weyl semimetals. We also demonstrate that the intersection area between Fermi arcs increases with the symmetric tilt strength, while the Hall plateau width decreases. The sheet Hall conductivity follows the conventional dependence, while its slope shows tilt-enhanced behavior. Our study provides critical insights into the interplay between the tilt and the 3D QHE of Fermi arc surface states in tilted Weyl semimetals.