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Supercurrent from the imaginary part of the Andreev levels in non-Hermitian Josephson junctions

R. Capecelatro1,*, M. Marciani2,†, G. Campagnano3, R. Citro1,4, and P. Lucignano2

  • *Contact author: rcapecelatro@unisa.it
  • †Contact author: marco.marciani89@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. B 113, 184506 – Published 4 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gbhj-65b7

Abstract

We investigate the electronic transport properties of a superconductor-quantum dot-superconductor Josephson junction coupled to a ferromagnetic metal reservoir in the presence of an external magnetic field. The device is described by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, whose complex eigenvalues encode the energy (real part) and the broadening (imaginary part) of the Andreev quasibound states. When extending the Andreev current formula to the non-Hermitian case, a novel contribution arises that is proportional to the phase derivative of the levels broadening. This term becomes particularly relevant in the presence of exceptional points (EPs) in the spectrum, but its experimental detection is not straightforward. We identify optimal Andreev spectrum configurations where this novel current contribution can be clearly highlighted, and we outline an experimental protocol for its detection. We point out that the phase dependence in the levels imaginary part originates from the breaking of a time-reversal-like symmetry. In particular, spectral configurations in the broken phase of the symmetry and without EPs can be obtained, where this novel contribution can be easily resolved. The proposed protocol would allow to probe for the first time a fingerprint of non-Hermiticity in open junctions that is not strictly related to the presence of EPs.

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Phys. Rev. B 113, 184506– Published 4 May, 2026
  • Received 12 January 2026
  • Revised 31 March 2026
  • Accepted 10 April 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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