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  • Letter

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and multifractal critical phase in two-dimensional quantum percolation

W. S. Oliveira1, J. Pimentel de Lima2, F. A. Pinheiro1, and R. R. dos Santos1

Phys. Rev. B 113, L180202 – Published 13 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fy67-4w2x

Abstract

We present a numerical study of the two-dimensional quantum percolation model, revealing that a critical region with multifractal eigenstates mediates the transition from localized to delocalized states. By analyzing the mean level ratio and participation entropy, we identify two distinct transitions: a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition at the classical percolation threshold, separating the localized and critical phases, and a power-law-like transition at a larger concentration, marking the onset of full delocalization. The critical phase is characterized by multifractal eigenstates, as evidenced by the generalized fractal dimension and multifractal spectrum. We present a detailed discussion of the results for a spectral window E/t=0.60±0.05. The analyses were repeated for energy windows centered at different values of E/t, and the results are displayed in the form of a phase diagram as a function of energy; the outcome highlights the robustness of both the multifractal phase and the BTK transition. Altogether, our results establish that in the marginal two-dimensional case, the Anderson impurity model and the quantum percolation model belong to different universality classes.

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