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    Acoustic realization of hourglass-type charge-3 Weyl points

    Jia-Bao Wang1, Xiao-Chen Sun1,2,*, Cheng He1,2,3,†, and Yan-Feng Chen1,2,‡

    • *Contact author: xcsun@nju.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: chenghe@nju.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: yfchen@nju.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 084105 – Published 12 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fwtq-fm1g

    Abstract

    Topological Weyl semimetals typically feature twofold degenerate points of bulk bands, which can be classified by four distinct topological charges, i.e., charge 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the two-band Hamiltonian with crystal symmetries. However, while charge-1, charge-2, and even charge-4 Weyl points have been observed in various systems, the experimental observation of the charge-3 Weyl point (despite theoretical predictions) remains scarce. Here, we report the experimental observation of a pair of charge-3 Weyl points in a three-dimensional acoustic crystal with C6z,3 screw symmetry, which exhibits unique hourglass-type band structures. The existence of three branches of surface arcs linked to each charge-3 Weyl point is confirmed by experimental observations, consistent with tight-binding models and numerical calculations. By projecting paired charge-3 Weyl points onto the top surface, the sixfold helical surface arcs are further observed. Our findings locate the missing experimental piece of the family of topological acoustic Weyl semimetals.

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