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  • Letter

Electronic quantum effects induce strong coupling between plasmon, Bennett, and charge-transfer modes

Bo Ren1,*, Chen Wei1,*, Fuhua Gao1,†, Cristian Ciracì2,3, Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez4,5, and Fan Yang1,‡

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: gaofuhua@scu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: fyang@scu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 113, L081402 – Published 3 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fhhc-csjr

Abstract

Electronic quantum effects in mesoscopic plasmonic nanostructures significantly influence their optical properties. Here, by exciting plasmon, Bennett, and charge-transfer modes, we demonstrate that they can be strongly coupled in purely metallic devices. Using the Feibelman d parameter framework, we derive an analytical expression for the coupling strength, showing its inverse dependence on the square root of the structure's length scale (g∝1/L). Thus, we establish a nanophotonic platform where nonclassical states, such as Bennett and charge-transfer modes, interact strongly with purely classical ones, such as surface plasmons, providing an indirect strategy to probe and exploit quantum electronic phenomena in optical systems.

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