Keldysh pseudofermion functional renormalization group for quantum magnetism
Phys. Rev. B 112, 235132 – Published 11 December, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f26s-mjh2
Abstract
The functional renormalization group (FRG) approach for spin models relying on a pseudofermionic description has proven to be a powerful technique in simulating ground-state properties of strongly frustrated magnetic lattices. A drawback of the FRG framework is that it is formulated in the imaginary-time Matsubara formalism and thus only able to access static correlations, a limitation shared with most other many-body approaches. A description of the dynamical properties of magnetic systems is the key to bridging the gap between theory and neutron-scattering spectra. We take the decisive step of expanding the scope of pseudofermion FRG to the Keldysh formalism, which, while originally developed to address nonequilibrium phenomena, enables a direct calculation of the equilibrium dynamical spin structure factors on generic lattices in arbitrary dimensions. We identify the principal features characterizing the low-energy spectra of exemplary zero-, one- and two-dimensional spin- Heisenberg models as well as the Kitaev honeycomb model while identifying current limitations of the method that have to be improved upon.