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    Near-flat-band-driven violation of the Pauli limit in heavy fermion superconductors

    Yan-Xiao Wang and Yin Zhong*

    • Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE and School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China and Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    • *Contact author: zhongy@lzu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 115152 – Published 25 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dzms-yxx3

    Abstract

    Heavy fermion superconductors often display upper critical fields that exceed the conventional Pauli paramagnetic limit, indicating that strong correlations and hybridized quasiparticle bands play an essential role in the paramagnetic pair-breaking process. Within the two-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model, we perform a self-consistent mean-field analysis of spin-singlet s-, extended-s-, and d-wave pairing under Zeeman fields and compute the critical field Bc, transition temperature Tc, and Clogston-Chandrasekhar ratio rCC. We find that rCC increases sharply as the conduction filling approaches half filling. This enhancement arises from the weakly dispersive region of the lower hybridized band, where the strongly reduced Fermi velocity diminishes the normal-state paramagnetic energy and stabilizes superconductivity. At fixed filling, the distinct JH dependences among the three pairing channels reflect the sensitivity of Pauli limiting to both band curvature and the structure of the order parameter. These results provide microscopic evidence that proximity to a near-flat hybridized band offers a robust route to enhanced Pauli-limiting fields in heavy fermion superconductors.

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