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  • Letter

Probing quantum geometric nonlinear magnetization via second-harmonic magneto-optical Kerr effect

Xuan Qian1,2,*, Xiao-Bin Qiang3,*, Wenkai Zhu1,2,*, Yuqing Huang1,2, Yiyuan Chen3,4, Hai-Zhou Lu3,4,†, Yang Ji5,‡, and Kaiyou Wang1,2,§

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: luhz@sustech.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: jiyang2024@zju.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: kywang@semi.ac.cn

Phys. Rev. B 113, L041407 – Published 29 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dww3-vm74

Abstract

Quantum geometry provides an intrinsic framework for characterizing the geometric structure of quantum states. It highlights its relevance to various aspects of fundamental physics. However, its direct implications for magnetic phenomena remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the observation of electric-field-induced nonlinear magnetization in the nonmagnetic semimetal WTe2 by using a second-harmonic magneto-optical Kerr effect (SMOKE) spectroscopy. We observe a robust nonlinear SMOKE signal that scales quadratically with current and persists up to 200 K. Theoretical modeling and scaling analysis indicate that this nonlinear magnetization is dominated by the orbital contribution and is intrinsically linked to the quantum Christoffel symbol. Just as the Christoffel symbol is a fundamental quantity encoding spacetime geometry in Einstein's general relativity, our work establishes a direct link between quantum geometry and nonlinear magnetization, and provides a geometric perspective for designing future orbitronic devices.

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