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    (2+1)-dimensional topological phases with RT symmetry: Many-body invariant, classification, and higher-order edge modes

    Ryohei Kobayashi1,2, Yuxuan Zhang1,2, Yan-Qi Wang1, and Maissam Barkeshli1,2

    Phys. Rev. B 112, 235111 – Published 2 December, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d6h9-rkkr

    Abstract

    It is common in condensed matter systems for reflection (R) and time-reversal (T) symmetry to both be broken while the combination RT is preserved. In this paper, we study invariants that arise due to RT symmetry. We consider many-body systems of interacting fermions with fermionic symmetry groups Gf=Z2f×Z2RT, U(1)f⋊Z2RT, and U(1)f×Z2RT. We show that (2+1)D invertible fermionic topological phases with these symmetries have a Z×Z8, Z2×Z2, and Z2×Z4 classification, respectively, which we compute using the framework of G-crossed braided tensor categories. We provide a many-body RT invariant in terms of a tripartite entanglement measure, and which we show can be understood using an edge conformal field theory computation in terms of vertex states. For Gf=U(1)f⋊Z2RT, which applies to charged fermions in a magnetic field, the nontrivial value of the Z2 invariant requires strong interactions. For symmetry-preserving boundaries, the phases are distinguished by zero modes at the intersection of the reflection axis and the boundary. Additional invariants arise in the presence of translation or rotation symmetry.

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