Optical centers providing an optical interface play an important role in the quantum communication and information processing. For the realization of quantum networks, rare-earth ions in cavities offer a promising platform for long-distance coupling by establishing spin-photon interfaces with other qubits. Furthermore, arrays of short-range coupled rare-earth spins enable the creation of multiqubit systems and modular quantum devices. A comprehensive investigation into the interaction Hamiltonian of coupled rare-earth ions is therefore essential for exploiting their full potential in quantum technologies. In this work, we identify a pair of coupled ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions exhibiting magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. With a spin Hamiltonian model, we determine the full set of g tensors and J tensors, and the relative position of two ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions. The developed model could be applied to rare-earth spin systems and other solid-state spin systems, enabling the calculation of electronic Zeeman, quadratic Zeeman, and magnetic dipole-dipole interactions under a three-dimensional magnetic field. This work provides a comprehensive characterization of coupled optical center systems and contributes to the development of short-range coupled quantum network nodes for future quantum networks.

Close

PrevNext

View figure in article

• Dipolar interaction
• Magnetic interactions
• Quantum networks
• Zeeman effect
• Hamiltonian systems
• Rare-earth ions
• Optical spectroscopy