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    Weyl-Dirac nodal-line phonons with type-selective surface states

    Le Du1,2, Zeling Li1,2, Jiabing Chen1,2, Dongliang Mao1,2, Lei Wang1,3, and Xiao-Ping Li1,2,*

    • 1Research Center for Quantum Physics and Technologies, School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
    • 2Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Photovoltaic Technology and Energy Materials at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
    • 3Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Atomic Manufacturing, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China

    • *Contact author: xpli@imu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 134309 – Published 23 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c7s8-bh4d

    Abstract

    The band complex formed by multiple topological states has attracted extensive attention for the emergent properties produced by the interplay among the constituent states. Here, based on group theory analysis, we present a scheme for rapidly identifying the Weyl-Dirac nodal lines (a complex of Weyl and Dirac nodal lines) in bosonic systems. We find only 5 of the 230 space groups host Weyl-Dirac nodal line phonons. Notably, the Dirac nodal line resides along the high-symmetry line, whereas the Weyl nodal line is distributed on the high-symmetry plane and is interconnected with the Dirac nodal line, jointly forming a composite nodal network structure. Unlike traditional nodal nets, this nodal network exhibits markedly distinct surface states on different surfaces, which can be attributed to the fundamental differences in the topological properties between the Weyl and Dirac nodal lines. This unique property thus allows the material to present distinct surface states in a termination-selective manner. Furthermore, by first-principles calculations, we identify the materials NdRhO3 and ZnSe2O5 as candidate examples to elaborate the Weyl-Dirac nodal line and their related topological features. Our work provides an insight for exploring and leveraging topological properties in systems with coexisting multiple topological states.

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