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Temporal evolution of indirectly coupled resonators in open systems

Chenyang Lu1, Bentley Turner1, Jiguang Yao1, Lihua Zhong1,2, Mun Kim1, Ying Yang3, and Can-Ming Hu1,*

Phys. Rev. B 112, 134309 – Published 16 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bl5n-m7sy

Abstract

We report time-domain measurements of indirectly coupled resonators in open systems. We examine a coupled LRC circuit and a cavity-magnon-polariton system, each with resonators coupled through a shared transmission line. In both cases, time-domain measurements directly resolve the temporal evolution of hybridized eigenmodes, thereby revealing non-Hermitian dynamics. To unify the platforms, we formulate a general model that uses circuit analysis and temporal coupled-mode theory and derive the corresponding S-parameter expressions. Moreover, recent theoretical work has shown that frequency-domain absorption is more effective than transmission for identifying eigenmodes in open systems. Our work provides an experimental confirmation of this prediction which agrees with the direct time-domain observations.

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