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    Critical Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless dynamics in the archetypal two-dimensional spin system Ba2CuSi2O6Cl2

    K. M. Ranjith1,*,†, Maxime Dupont2,‡, Steffen Krämer1, Sylvain Capponi2, Edmond Orignac3, Nicolas Laflorencie2, Nobuyuki Kurita4, Hidekazu Tanaka4,§, and Mladen Horvatić1,∥

    • *Contact author: ranjith.km1857@gmail.com
    • †Present address: Center for Quantum Technologies and Complex Systems (CQTCS), Christ University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India.
    • ‡Present address: Rigetti Computing, 775 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, USA.
    • §Present address: Center for Entrepreneurship Education, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
    • ∥Contact author: mladen.horvatic@lncmi.cnrs.fr

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 224409 – Published 2 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bhxh-74xx

    Abstract

    We study the spin dynamics in the quasi-2D spin-1/2 dimer compound Ba2CuSi2O6Cl2, which exhibits a magnetic field-induced Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of triplons. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation rate (T1−1) measurements combined with large-scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations, we investigate critical fluctuations across the field-temperature phase diagram. Bridging the behavior observed in 1D and 3D systems, the T1−1 relaxation rate shows a pronounced peak extending well above the Néel temperature TN, indicating strong two-dimensional Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)-type fluctuations. A quantitative match between experimental and theoretical BEC phase boundaries validates an effective XXZ model. The study determines the intrinsic BKT transition temperature TBKT from QMC, revealing a nearly field-independent TBKT/TN≈0.74. Scaling analysis of the relaxation rate shows critical exponents consistent with 2D universality, and a narrow temperature window is identified where 2D physics dominates. These findings establish Ba2CuSi2O6Cl2 as a model system for exploring BKT dynamics in quantum magnets.

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