Direct observation of dynamical quasicondensation and generalized thermalization on different quantum computing platforms
Phys. Rev. B 113, 224306 – Published 10 June, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bgxl-n4qg
Abstract
Hard-core bosons (HCBs) in one dimension display striking nonequilibrium phenomena, including the dynamical formation of quasicondensates at finite momentum and generalized thermalization to a generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). These effects, rooted in the integrability of the HCB model, have been challenging to probe experimentally due to the lack of direct momentum-space access in optical lattice platforms. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices offer a complementary approach, enabling single-site resolution, precise state preparation, and direct measurement of correlation functions. Here, we present a quantum simulation of HCB dynamics on IBM superconducting-qubit hardware and compare the results with exact numerics and with Quantinuum's high-fidelity noisy trapped-ion emulator. Using algebraic circuit compression to eliminate Trotter error, we simulate quenched HCB dynamics across long timescales and observe signatures consistent with the theoretically predicted dynamical quasicondensation. IBM reproduces the short-time formation of peaks at . At late times, IBM data tend toward behavior more consistent with a conventional Gibbs ensemble (GE), whereas the Quantinuum emulator remains closer to the integrable GGE prediction. These results illustrate the sensitivity of integrable many-body dynamics to noise and suggest that the preservation of GGE signatures may provide a useful physics-based diagnostic for quantum-simulation performance.