Magnetization and exchange in nonstoichiometric magnetite
Phys. Rev. B 46, 5328 – Published 1 September, 1992
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.5328
Abstract
Measurements of saturation magnetization and remanence in single crystals with (0.000 <δ<0.006) between 4.2 and 300 K are reported. The exchange constants , evaluated with spin-wave theory in the harmonic approximation, agree with those derived from low-temperature heat-capacity investigations. A discontinuous change in behavior for δ>0.0039 is consistent with the change from a first- to second-order Verwey transition, associated wtih splitting of the octahedral electronic levels. A self-reversal of the remanent moment is observed at , in the second-order regime. Simple nearest-neighbor models, in the mean-field approximation, suffice to account for all electronic and magnetic critical temperatures, in the Ising two-state and Heisenberg formulations, respectively.