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  • Letter

Thermally activated detection of dark particles in a weakly coupled quantum Ising ladder

Yunjing Gao1,*, Jiahao Yang1,2,*, Huihang Lin3,4, Rong Yu3,4, and Jianda Wu1,5,6,†

  • 1Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
  • 2International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 3Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
  • 5Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
  • 6School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: wujd@sjtu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 111, L241105 – Published 5 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L241105

Abstract

The Isingh2 integrable field theory emerges when two quantum critical Ising chains are weakly coupled. This theory possesses eight types of relativistic particles, among which the lightest one (B1) has been predicted to be a dark particle, which cannot be excited from the ground state through (quasi)local operations. The stability on the one hand highlights its potential for applications, and on the other hand makes it challenging to be observed. Here, we point out that the mass of the B1 dark particle mB1 appears as a thermally activated gap extracted from local spin dynamical structure factors at low frequency (ω≪mB1) and low temperatures (T≪mB1). We then further propose that this gapped behavior can be directly detected via the NMR relaxation rate measurement in a proper experimental setup. Our results provide a practical criterion for verifying the existence of dark particles.

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