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Entwined Brillouin Klein bottles induced by a non-Abelian gauge field

Shi-Feng Li1, Ning-Wo Pei1, Cui-Yu-Yang Zhou1, Yi-Fan Zhu2, Xin-Ye Zou1,†, Jian-Chun Cheng1,‡, and Badreddine Assouar3,§

  • 1Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
  • 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
  • 3Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jean Lamour, F-54000 Nancy, France

  • †Contact author: xyzou@nju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: jccheng@nju.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: badreddine.assouar@univ-lorraine.fr

Phys. Rev. B 111, L100102 – Published 27 March, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L100102

Abstract

The Brillouin Klein bottle induced by Z2 gauge field has been recently proposed and has sparked growing interest. The momentum-space nonsymmorphic symmetry that it respects fundamentally modifies the Bloch band theory and expands the topological classification. Previous works limited to systems under Z2 gauge field have been developed, leaving the interaction between non-Abelian gauge fields and symmetries untouched. Here, we report theoretical and experimental realization of entwined Klein bottles with two orthogonal sub-bottles induced by U2 non-Abelian gauge field, which stems from the hopping between two inseparable pseudospins. The bilayer acoustic crystals with non-Abelian coupling are constructed here to explore different topologies from the traditional Klein bottles under the Abelian fields. This research sheds light on both first-order and higher-order topologies unexplored in non-Abelian gauge fields, and enriches the topological classification with gauge symmetry beyond the existing paradigms.

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