Interplay of thermal and nonthermal effects in x-ray-induced ultrafast melting

Ichiro Inoue; Victor Tkachenko; Yuya Kubota; Fabien Dorchies; Toru Hara; Hauke Höppner; Yuichi Inubushi; Konrad J. Kapcia; Hae Ja Lee; Vladimir Lipp; Paloma Martinez; Eiji Nishibori; Taito Osaka; Sven Toleikis; Jumpei Yamada; Makina Yabashi; Beata Ziaja; Philip A. Heimann

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.110.L100102

Letter

Interplay of thermal and nonthermal effects in x-ray-induced ultrafast melting

Ichiro Inoue^1,2,*, Victor Tkachenko ^3,4,†, Yuya Kubota ¹, Fabien Dorchies ⁵, Toru Hara¹, Hauke Höppner⁶, Yuichi Inubushi^1,7, Konrad J. Kapcia ^4,8, Hae Ja Lee⁹ et al.

Vladimir Lipp ^4,10, Paloma Martinez ⁵, Eiji Nishibori ^11,12, Taito Osaka¹, Sven Toleikis ¹³, Jumpei Yamada ¹, Makina Yabashi^1,7, Beata Ziaja ^4,10,‡, and Philip A. Heimann^9,§

¹RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
²University of Hamburg, Institute for Experimental Physics/CFEL, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
³European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
⁴Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
⁵Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33400 Talence, France
⁶Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
⁷Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
⁸Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61614 Poznań, Poland
⁹SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
¹⁰Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
¹¹Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
¹²Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
¹³Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

^*Contact author: inoue@spring8.or.jp
^†Contact author: victor.tkachenko@xfel.eu
^‡Contact author: beata.ziaja-motyka@cfel.de
^§Contact author: paheim@slac.stanford.edu

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Phys. Rev. B 110, L100102 – Published 27 September, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.110.L100102

Abstract

X-ray laser-induced structural changes in silicon undergoing femtosecond melting have been investigated by using an x-ray pump–x-ray probe technique. The experiment reveals that the atomic displacements start to increase at $\sim 20$ fs after the intensity maximum of x-ray pump pulse. By comparing the observed time dependence of the atomic disordering and the dedicated theoretical simulations, we interpret that the energy transfer from the excited electrons to ions via electron-ion coupling (thermal effect) as well as a strong modification of the interatomic potential due to electron excitations (nonthermal effect) trigger the ultrafast atomic disordering. Our results highlight the need to consider the interplay of thermal and nonthermal effects in the quantitative modeling of the interaction of intense x rays with matter.

Physical Review B

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Interplay of thermal and nonthermal effects in x-ray-induced ultrafast melting

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