Understanding the nematic phase observed in the iron-chalcogenide materials is crucial for describing their superconducting pairing. Experiments on ${\mathrm{FeSe}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{S}}_x$ showed that one of the slow Shubnikov-de Haas quantum oscillation frequencies disappears when tuning the material out of the nematic phase via chemical substitution or pressure, which has been interpreted as a Lifshitz transition [Coldea et al., npj Quantum Mater. 4, 2 (2019); Reiss et al., Nat. Phys. 16, 89 (2020)]. Here, we present a generic, alternative scenario for a nematicity-induced sharp quantum oscillation frequency, which disappears in the tetragonal phase and is not connected to an underlying Fermi surface pocket. We show that different microscopic interband scattering mechanisms—for example, orbital-selective scattering—in conjunction with nematic order can give rise to this quantum oscillation frequency beyond the standard Onsager relation. We discuss implications for iron-chalcogenides and the interpretation of quantum oscillations in other correlated materials.

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• Impurities in superconductors
• Magnetotransport
• Multiband superconductivity
• Nematic order
• Superconductors
• Iron-based superconductors
• Quantum oscillation techniques
• Shubnikov-de Haas effect
• Superconductivity
• Tight-binding model
• de Haas-van Alphen effect