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Fractal nature of high-order time crystal phases

Guido Giachetti1,2, Andrea Solfanelli1,2, Lorenzo Correale1,2, and Nicolò Defenu3

  • 1SISSA, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
  • 2INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
  • 3Institut für Theoretische Physik, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland

Phys. Rev. B 108, L140102 – Published 9 October, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L140102

Abstract

Discrete Floquet time crystals (DFTCs) are characterized by the spontaneous breaking of the discrete time-translational invariance characteristic of Floquet-driven systems. In analogy with equilibrium critical points, also time-crystalline phases display critical behavior of different order, i.e., oscillations whose period is a multiple p>2 of the Floquet driving period. Here, we introduce an experimentally accessible order parameter which is able to unambiguously detect crystalline phases regardless of the value of p and, at the same time, is a useful tool for chaos diagnostic. This p aradigm allows us to investigate the phase diagram of the long-range (LR) kicked Ising model to an unprecedented depth, unveiling a rich landscape characterized by self-similar fractal boundaries. Our theoretical picture describes the emergence of DFTCs phase both as a function of the strength and period of the Floquet drive, capturing the emergent Zp symmetry in the Floquet-Bloch waves.

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