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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Dynamical interplay between superconductivity and charge density waves: A nonlinear terahertz study of coherently driven 2H−NbSe2

Liwen Feng1,2,3,4,*, Jiayuan Cao1,*, Tim Priessnitz2, Yunyun Dai5, Thales de Oliveira6, Jiayu Yuan7, Ryosuke Oka2, Min-Jae Kim2,3,4, Min Chen6 et al.

Alexey N. Ponomaryov6, Igor Ilyakov6, Haotian Zhang1, Yongbo Lv1, Valentina Mazzotti2,4, Gideok Kim2, Georg Christiani2, Gennady Logvenov2, Dong Wu8, Yuan Huang5, Jan-Christoph Deinert6, Sergey Kovalev6, Stefan Kaiser2,3,4,†, Tao Dong7,‡, Nanlin Wang7, and Hao Chu1,2,§

  • 1Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
  • 34th Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
  • 4Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
  • 5Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 6Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
  • 7International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 8Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †stefan.kaiser@tu-dresden.de
  • ‡taodong@pku.edu.cn
  • §haochusjtu@sjtu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. B 108, L100504 – Published 11 September, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L100504

Abstract

2H-NbSe2 is an archetypal system in which superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) coexist and compete macroscopically with each other. In particular, this interplay also manifests in their dynamical fluctuations. As a result, the superconducting amplitude fluctuation (i.e., Higgs mode) is pushed below the quasiparticle continuum, allowing it to become a coherent excitation observable by Raman scattering. In the present study, we coherently drive the collective oscillations of the two orders and visualize their interplay in the time domain. We find that both collective modes contribute to terahertz third-harmonic generation (THG) and their THG signals interfere below Tc, leading to an antiresonance of the integrated THG signal. The dynamical Ginzburg-Landau model suggests that around the antiresonance a periodic energy transfer between the driven Higgs oscillations and the driven CDW oscillations is possible. Our results illustrate the roles of collective modes in the terahertz THG process, revealing a close connection of this technique to Raman scattering. In systems where the different collective modes are coupled, our experimental scheme also illustrates a paradigm for realizing coherent control via such couplings.

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Phys. Rev. B 108, L100504– Published 11 September, 2023
  • Received 11 December 2022
  • Revised 6 August 2023
  • Accepted 25 August 2023
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society.

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