We consider Lifshitz criticality (LC) with the dynamical critical exponent $z=2$ in one-dimensional interacting fermion systems with a filled Dirac sea. We report that interactions have crucial effects on Lifshitz criticality. Single-particle excitations are destabilized by an interaction and decay into the particle-hole continuum, which is reflected in the logarithmic divergence in the imaginary part of one-loop self-energy. We show that the system is sensitive to the sign of the interaction. The random-phase approximation shows that the collective particle-hole excitations emerge only when the interaction is repulsive. The dispersion of collective modes is gapless and linear. If the interaction is attractive, the one-loop renormalization group (RG) shows that there may exist a stable RG fixed point described by two coupling constants. We also show that the on-site interaction (without any other perturbations at the UV scale) would always turn on the relevant velocity perturbation to the quadratic Lagrangian in the RG flow, driving the system flow to the conformal-invariant criticality. In the numerical simulations of the lattice model at half filling, we find that, for either on-site positive or negative interactions, the dynamical critical exponent becomes $z=1$ in the infrared limit and the entanglement entropy is a logarithmic function of the system size $L$. The work paves the way to study one-dimensional interacting LCs.

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• Lower-dimensional field theories
• Quantum criticality
• Quantum many-body systems
• Strongly correlated systems
• Density matrix renormalization group
• Renormalization group