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Confinement of many-body Bethe strings

Jiahao Yang1, Tao Xie2, S. E. Nikitin3,*, Jianda Wu1,4,5,†, and A. Podlesnyak2

  • 1Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
  • 2Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
  • 3Quantum Criticality and Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
  • 4School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 5Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China

  • *stanislav.nikitin@psi.ch
  • †wujd@sjtu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 108, L020402 – Published 18 July, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L020402

Abstract

Based on the Bethe ansatz approach and inelastic neutron scattering experiments, we reveal the evolution of confinement of many-body Bethe strings in ordered regions of the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet YbAlO3. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the spin dynamics is dominated by confined length-1 Bethe strings, whose dominancy in the high-energy branch of the excitation spectrum yields to confined length-2 Bethe strings when the material is tuned to the spin-density-wave phase. In the thermal-induced disordered region, the confinement effect disappears, and the system restores the conventional quantum integrable physics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model. Our results establish a unified picture based on a Bethe string for the spin dynamics in different magnetic phases of YbAlO3, and thus provide profound insight into many-body quantum magnetism.

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