- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review B

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Double-Q ground state with topological charge stripes in the centrosymmetric skyrmion candidate GdRu2Si2

G. D. A. Wood1,*, D. D. Khalyavin2, D. A. Mayoh1, J. Bouaziz3, A. E. Hall1, S. J. R. Holt4,5, F. Orlandi2, P. Manuel2, S. Blügel3 et al.

J. B. Staunton1, O. A. Petrenko1, M. R. Lees1, and G. Balakrishnan1,†

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
  • 2ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
  • 3Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
  • 4Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
  • 5Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

  • *George.Wood@warwick.ac.uk
  • †G.Balakrishnan@warwick.ac.uk
PDF

Phys. Rev. B 107, L180402 – Published 11 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.L180402

Abstract

GdRu2Si2 is a centrosymmetric magnet in which a skyrmion lattice has recently been discovered. Here, we investigate the magnetic structure of the zero-field ground state using neutron diffraction on single crystal and polycrystalline GdRu1602Si2. In addition to observing the principal propagation vectors q1 and q2, we discover higher-order magnetic satellites, notably q1+2q2. The appearance of these satellites is explained within the framework of a double-Q constant-moment solution. Using powder diffraction, we implement a quantitative refinement of this model. This structure, which contains vortexlike motifs, is shown to have a one-dimensional topological charge density.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (30)

  1. T. Lancaster, Skyrmions in magnetic materials, Contemp. Phys. 60, 246 (2019).
  2. A. Neubauer, C. Pfleiderer, B. Binz, A. Rosch, R. Ritz, P. G. Niklowitz, and P. Böni, Topological Hall Effect in the A phase of MnSi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 186602 (2009).
  3. A. Fert, N. Reyren, and V. Cros, Magnetic skyrmions: Advances in physics and potential applications, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 17031 (2017).
  4. S. Mühlbauer, B. Binz, F. Jonietz, C. Pfleiderer, A. Rosch, A. Neubauer, R. Georgii, and P. Böni, Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet, Science 323, 915 (2009).
  5. S. Seki, X. Z. Yu, S. Ishiwata, and Y. Tokura, Observation of skyrmions in a multiferroic material, Science 336, 198 (2012).
  6. T. Kurumaji, T. Nakajima, M. Hirschberger, A. Kikkawa, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, Y. Taguchi, T.-H. Arima, and Y. Tokura, Skyrmion lattice with a giant topological Hall effect in a frustrated triangular-lattice magnet, Science 365, 914 (2019).
  7. M. Hirschberger, T. Nakajima, S. Gao, L. Peng, A. Kikkawa, T. Kurumaji, M. Kriener, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao et al., Skyrmion phase and competing magnetic orders on a breathing kagomé lattice, Nat. Commun. 10, 5831 (2019).
  8. R. Takagi, N. Matsuyama, V. Ukleev, L. Yu, J. S. White, S. Francoual, J. R. Mardegan, S. Hayami, H. Saito, K. Kaneko et al., Square and rhombic lattices of magnetic skyrmions in a centrosymmetric binary compound, Nat. Commun. 13, 1472 (2022).
  9. J. M. Moya, S. Lei, E. M. Clements, C. S. Kengle, S. Sun, K. Allen, Q. Li, Y. Y. Peng, A. A. Husain, M. Mitrano et al., Incommensurate magnetic orders and topological Hall effect in the square-net centrosymmetric EuGa2Al2 system, Phys. Rev. Mater. 6, 074201 (2022).
  10. N. D. Khanh, T. Nakajima, X. Yu, S. Gao, K. Shibata, M. Hirschberger, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, L. Peng et al., Nanometric square skyrmion lattice in a centrosymmetric tetragonal magnet, Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 444 (2020).
  11. Y. Yasui, C. J. Butler, N. D. Khanh, S. Hayami, T. Nomoto, T. Hanaguri, Y. Motome, R. Arita, T.-H. Arima, Y. Tokura et al., Imaging the coupling between itinerant electrons and localised moments in the centrosymmetric skyrmion magnet GdRu2Si2, Nat. Commun. 11, 5925 (2020).
  12. N. D. Khanh, T. Nakajima, S. Hayami, S. Gao, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, R. Takagi, Y. Motome, Y. Tokura et al., Zoology of multiple-Q spin textures in a centrosymmetric tetragonal magnet with itinerant electrons, Adv. Sci. 9, 2105452 (2022).
  13. Z. Hou, L. Li, C. Liu, X. Gao, Z. Ma, G. Zhou, Y. Peng, M. Yan, X.-X. Zhang, and J. Liu, Emergence of room temperature stable skyrmionic bubbles in the rare earth based REMn2Ge2 (RE = Ce, Pr, and Nd) magnets, Mater. Today Phys. 17, 100341 (2021).
  14. J. Bouaziz, E. Mendive-Tapia, S. Blügel, and J. B. Staunton, Fermi-Surface Origin of Skyrmion Lattices in Centrosymmetric Rare-Earth Intermetallics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 157206 (2022).
  15. T. Nomoto, T. Koretsune, and R. Arita, Formation Mechanism of the Helical Q Structure in Gd-Based Skyrmion Materials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 117204 (2020).
  16. A. Garnier, D. Gignoux, D. Schmitt, and T. Shigeoka, Giant magnetic anisotropy in tetragonal GdRu2Ge2 and GdRu2Si2, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 222, 80 (1996).
  17. L. C. Chapon, P. Manuel, P. G. Radaelli, C. Benson, L. Perrott, S. Ansell, N. J. Rhodes, D. Raspino, D. Duxbury, E. Spill et al., WISH: The new powder and single crystal magnetic diffractometer on the second target station, Neutron News 22, 22 (2011).
  18. See Supplemental Material at https://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.L180402 for S1: Schematic of how the two magnetic domains contribute to the diffraction plane. S2: Single-crystal neutron diffraction data in the (h,k,0) plane showing satellites surrounding the (−1,1,0) nuclear peak.
  19. Y. A. Izyumov and V. N. Syromyatnikov, Phase Transitions and Crystal Symmetry (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990).
  20. E. Fawcett, Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 209 (1988).
  21. S. Kimura, M. Matsuda, T. Masuda, S. Hondo, K. Kaneko, N. Metoki, M. Hagiwara, T. Takeuchi, K. Okunishi, Z. He et al., Longitudinal Spin Density Wave Order in a Quasi-1D Ising-like Quantum Antiferromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 207201 (2008).
  22. E. Canévet, B. Grenier, M. Klanjšek, C. Berthier, M. Horvatić, V. Simonet, and P. Lejay, Field-induced magnetic behavior in quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study, Phys. Rev. B 87, 054408 (2013).
  23. L. Facheris, K. Y. Povarov, S. D. Nabi, D. G. Mazzone, J. Lass, B. Roessli, E. Ressouche, Z. Yan, S. Gvasaliya, and A. Zheludev, Spin Density Wave versus Fractional Magnetization Plateau in a Triangular Antiferromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 087201 (2022).
  24. J. Rodríguez-Carvajal, Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 192, 55 (1993).
  25. S. Hayami and Y. Motome, Topological spin crystals by itinerant frustration, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 33, 443001 (2021).
  26. M. Hoffmann and S. Blügel, Systematic derivation of realistic spin models for beyond-Heisenberg solids, Phys. Rev. B 101, 024418 (2020).
  27. S. Heinze, K. Von Bergmann, M. Menzel, J. Brede, A. Kubetzka, R. Wiesendanger, G. Bihlmayer, and S. Blügel, Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions, Nat. Phys. 7, 713 (2011).
  28. V. Sharma, Z. Wang, and C. D. Batista, Machine learning assisted derivation of effective low energy models for metallic magnets, arXiv:2212.09796.
  29. E. Mendive-Tapia and J. B. Staunton, Theory of Magnetic Ordering in the Heavy Rare Earths: Ab Initio Electronic Origin of Pair- and Four-Spin Interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 197202 (2017).
  30. G. Balakrishnan, G. D. A. Wood, P. Manuel, A. E. Hall, F. Orlandi, D. D. Khalyavin, D. A. Mayoh, O. A. Petrenko, and M. R. Lees, The skyrmion lattice and other non-collinear spin structures in GdRu2Si2, STFC ISIS Facility (2022)10.5286/ISIS.E.RB2210259.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. B 107, L180402– Published 11 May, 2023
  • Received 25 January 2023
  • Revised 13 April 2023
  • Accepted 14 April 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation