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Imaging Friedel oscillations in rhombohedral trilayer graphene

Long-Jing Yin1,3,*, Yue-Ying Zhou1,3, Ling-Hui Tong1,3, Li-Juan Shi1, Zhihui Qin1, and Lin He2

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
  • 2Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • 3Research Institute of Hunan University in Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China

  • *Corresponding author: yinlj@hnu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 107, L041404 – Published 20 January, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.L041404

Abstract

Quasiparticle interference-induced spatial standing waves in local density of states, i.e., Friedel oscillations, are first visualized in rhombohedral trilayer graphene (rTG) by using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show that the long-range standing-wave patterns of rTG can be created not only by the scattering off usual potential barriers including defects and step edges, but also by ABC-ABA stacking domain walls. For step edges as scatterers, both the surface step edge and the underlying step edge can effectively generate quasiparticle standing waves on the surface layer. For all observed types of scatterers in rTG, the Friedel oscillations always exhibit a 1/r spatial decay. This decay rate of Friedel oscillations is consistent with that in bilayer graphene, while slower than that in monolayer graphene, directly confirming previous theoretical predictions. Our results provide fundamental knowledge of the nature of scatterers in rTG, which would help us to better understand their microscopic scattering mechanisms.

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