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Transient ordering in the Gross-Pitaevskii lattice after an energy quench within a nonordered phase

Andrei E. Tarkhov1,*, A. V. Rozhkov2, and Boris V. Fine3,†

  • 1Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
  • 2Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
  • 3Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

  • *atarkhov@bwh.harvard.edu
  • †boris.fine@uni-leipzig.de

Phys. Rev. B 106, L201110 – Published 17 November, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.L201110

Abstract

We numerically investigate heating-and-cooling quenches taking place entirely in the nonordered phase of the discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equation on a three-dimensional cubic lattice. In equilibrium, this system exhibits a U(1)-ordering phase transition at an energy density which is significantly lower than the minimum one during the quench. Yet, we observe that the postquench relaxation is accompanied by a transient U(1) ordering, namely, the correlation length of U(1) fluctuations significantly exceeds its equilibrium prequench value. The longer and the stronger the heating stage of the quench, the stronger is the U(1) transient ordering. We identify the origin of this ordering with the emergence of a small group of slowly relaxing lattice sites accumulating a large fraction of the total energy of the system. Our findings suggest that the transient ordering may be a robust feature of a broad class of physical systems. This premise is consistent with the growing experimental evidence of the transient U(1) order in rather dissimilar settings.

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