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Magnetization reversal across multiple serial barriers in a single Fe3O4 nanoparticle

Sagar Paul1, Ganesh Kotagiri1, Rini Ganguly2, Annapoorni Subramanian3, Hervé Courtois2, Clemens B. Winkelmann2, and Anjan K. Gupta1

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
  • 2Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
  • 3University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India

Phys. Rev. B 105, L180410 – Published 19 May, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.105.L180410

Abstract

The depinning of nanoscale magnetic textures, such as domain walls, vortices, and skyrmions, is of paramount importance for magnetic storage and information processing. We measure the time-resolved magnetic switching statistics of an individual, non-single-domain Fe3O4 nanoparticle using a micrometer-scale superconducting quantum interference device. A strong narrowing of the waiting-time distributions before reaching the final state is observed as compared to the exponential distribution expected for a single barrier. A model consisting of multiple barriers in series is proposed and used to understand the narrow waiting-time distributions and their evolution with magnetic field. The number of barriers is found to reduce as the thermodynamic switching field is approached and eventually, very close to it, an exponential distribution, resulting from a single barrier, is observed.

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