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Spatially indirect intervalley excitons in bilayer WSe2

Zhiheng Huang1,2, Yanchong Zhao1,2, Tao Bo1,3, Yanbang Chu1,2, Jinpeng Tian1,2, Le Liu1,2, Yalong Yuan1,2, Fanfan Wu1,2, Jiaojiao Zhao1,2 et al.

Lede Xian3, Kenji Watanabe4, Takashi Taniguchi5, Rong Yang1,3,6, Dongxia Shi1,2,6, Luojun Du7,*, Zhipei Sun7,8, Sheng Meng1,2,3,†, Wei Yang1,2,6,‡, and Guangyu Zhang1,2,3,6,§

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics; Key Laboratory for Nanoscale Physics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 3Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong Province 523808, China
  • 4Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
  • 5International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
  • 6Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Beijing 100190, China
  • 7Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
  • 8Quantum Technology Finland (QTF) Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland

  • *luojun.du@aalto.fi
  • †smeng@iphy.ac.cn
  • ‡wei.yang@iphy.ac.cn
  • §gyzhang@iphy.ac.cn

Phys. Rev. B 105, L041409 – Published 20 January, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.105.L041409

Abstract

Spatially indirect excitons with displaced wave functions of electrons and holes play a pivotal role in a large portfolio of fascinating physical phenomena and emerging optoelectronic applications, such as valleytronics, exciton spin Hall effect, excitonic integrated circuit, and high-temperature superfluidity. Here, we uncover three types of spatially indirect excitons (including their phonon replicas) and their quantum-confined Stark effects in hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated bilayer WSe2 by performing electric field-tunable photoluminescence measurements. Because of different out-of-plane electric dipole moments, the energy order between the three types of spatially indirect excitons can be switched by a vertical electric field. Remarkably, we demonstrate, assisted by first-principles calculations, that the observed spatially indirect excitons in bilayer WSe2 are also momentum indirect, involving electrons and holes from Λ and K/Γ valleys in the Brillouin zone, respectively. This is in contrast to the previously reported spatially indirect excitons with electrons and holes localized in the same valley. Furthermore, we find that the spatially indirect intervalley excitons in bilayer WSe2 can exhibit considerable, doping-sensitive circular polarization. The spatially indirect excitons with momentum-dark nature and highly tunable circular polarization may provide a firm basis for the understanding and engineering of technological applications in photonics and optoelectronics.

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