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  • Letter

Many-body wavefunctions for quantum impurities out of equilibrium

Adrian B. Culver* and Natan Andrei†

  • Center for Materials Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA

  • *Present address: Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; adrianculver@physics.ucla.edu
  • †natan@physics.rutgers.edu

Phys. Rev. B 103, L201103 – Published 4 May, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.L201103

Abstract

We present a method for calculating the time-dependent many-body wavefunction that follows a local quench. We apply the method to the voltage-driven nonequilibrium Kondo model to find the exact time-evolving wavefunction following a quench where the dot is suddenly attached to the leads at t=0. The method, which does not use Bethe ansatz, also works in other quantum impurity models (we include results for the interacting resonant level and the Anderson impurity model) and may be of wider applicability. In the particular case of the Kondo model, we show that the long-time limit (with the system size taken to infinity first) of the time-evolving wavefunction is a current-carrying nonequilibrium steady state that satisfies the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. We show that the electric current in the time-evolving wavefunction is given by a series expression that can be expanded either in weak coupling or in strong coupling, converging to all orders in the steady-state limit in either case. The series agrees to leading order with known results in the well-studied regime of weak antiferromagnetic coupling and also reveals another universal regime of strong ferromagnetic coupling, with Kondo temperature TK(F)=De−3π28ρ|J| (J<0, ρ|J|→∞). In this regime, the differential conductance dI/dV reaches the unitarity limit 2e2/h asymptotically at large voltage or temperature.

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See Also

Many-body wavefunctions for quantum impurities out of equilibrium. I. The nonequilibrium Kondo model

Adrian B. Culver and Natan Andrei
Phys. Rev. B 103, 195106 (2021)

Many-body wavefunctions for quantum impurities out of equilibrium. II. Charge fluctuations

Adrian B. Culver and Natan Andrei
Phys. Rev. B 103, 195107 (2021)

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