Orbital-selective phenomena in mutliorbital systems have received much attention due to their uniqueness as well as possible connections to other phenomena. As orbital-selectiveness is mostly related to the crystal structure, finding a new control parameter other than structure would be of significant importance. Here we report discovery of an orbital-selective doping effect in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_2{\mathrm{Ru}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Ir}}_x{\mathrm{O}}_4$ (SRIO). Our systematic electronic structure study of SRIO reveals an anomalous orbital-selective doping effect and concomitant Lifshitz transitions (LTs) in the $\gamma$ band. With the help of a tight-binding calculation, we find that the orbital-selective doping effect is due to variation in the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism of LTs in the $\gamma$ band in SRIO but may also open new avenues for novel SOC-controlled orbital-selective phenomena.

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• Electronic structure
• Spin-orbit coupling
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Tight-binding model