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    Quasispins of vacancy defects and their interactions in disordered antiferromagnets

    Muhammad Sedik, Shijun Sun, Arthur P. Ramirez, and Sergey Syzranov

    Phys. Rev. B 111, 214427 – Published 18 June, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/89g5-n5pb

    Abstract

    Vacancy defects in disordered magnetic materials are known to act as effective spins, “quasispins,” in response to an external magnetic field. In the dilute limit, the contributions of such quasispins to the magnetic susceptibility χvac(T)∝Nvac/T are singular in the limit of low temperatures T and match those of free spins. With increasing the density of vacancies, their interactions may become essential. Motivated by frustrated and quasi-one-dimensional magnetic materials, we show by exact computation that the correlation of the quasispins of different vacancies matches the spin-spin correlators in the vacancy-free materials for Ising chains with nearest-neighbor and next-to-nearest-neighbor interactions. We also compute the first virial correction to the susceptibility of a magnetic material due to the interactions of vacancy quasispins. We then provide a phenomenological generalization of our results to a generic system that has short-range antiferromagnetic order and lacks long-range order. We predict that if the vacancy defect does not disrupt the short-range antiferromagnetic order around it, the quasispin value matches the value of spins of the magnetic atoms in the material, and the correlators of the quasispins of different vacancies match the spin-spin correlators in the vacancy-free material.

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