The low-energy carriers governed by a massive Dirac Hamiltonian in two-dimensional materials offer exciting opportunities for electronic and optoelectronic applications, but they are typically isotropic in nature. In this study, we explore massive Dirac fermions in monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$ subject to a one-dimensional periodic electronic potential. We demonstrate these tailored massive Dirac fermions exhibit flat bands along one direction while preserving parabolic dispersion in the orthogonal direction. This anisotropy results in strongly inhomogeneous electromagnetic interactions, leading to the emergence of hyperbolic plasmons characterized by hourglass-shaped isofrequency contours. Moreover, these plasmons facilitate the formation hyperbolic surface plasmon polaritons at the ${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$-vacuum interfaces, giving rise to unique optical scenarios, such as directional wave propagation and negative refraction. This work highlights the potential for developing advanced optical devices based on ${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$ through tailored surface patterns and establishes a promising approach for engineering the electronic structure of two-dimensional materials.

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• Dirac fermions
• Optical conductivity
• Transition metal dichalcogenides
• Electromagnetic wave theory
• k dot p method