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Enhancing far-field thermal radiation by Floquet engineering

Huimin Zhu1,2, Yuhua Ren2, Hui Pan2, Gaomin Tang3, Lei Zhang1,4, and Jian-Sheng Wang2,*

  • *Contact author: zhuhuimin@sxu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 113, 085414 – Published 11 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/715s-xcy8

Abstract

Time modulation introduces a dynamic degree of freedom for tailoring thermal radiation beyond the limits of static materials. Here, we investigate far-field thermal radiation from a periodically time-modulated SiC film under the Floquet nonequilibrium Green's function framework. We show that time modulation enables radiative energy transfer into the far field that surpasses the limit imposed by the equilibrium thermal fluctuations. This enhancement originates from the modulation-induced coupling between evanescent surface phonon polaritons and propagating modes, effectively bridging the energy and momentum mismatch through frequency conversion. Notably, even at zero temperature, the film emits a finite radiative heat flux due to nonequilibrium photon occupation generated by the modulation. The radiative output grows with increasing modulation strength, highlighting the role of external work in driving far-field emission. These results establish time modulation as an effective mechanism for bridging near-field and far-field regimes, opening different pathways for active thermal radiation control.

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