- Open Access
Heitler effect and resonance fluorescence in quantum magnonics
Phys. Rev. B 114, 074434 – Published 26 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6cnw-7j94
Abstract
We consider a coupled system of a qubit and a magnon mode in which the qubit is weakly driven. We demonstrate that the spectral steady-state responses of both the qubit and the magnon show, in addition to two sidebands split by the coupling, also a peak at the driving frequency with virtually zero linewidth. This phenomenon, which persists at both strong and weak coupling, is an analog of the Heitler effect in atomic physics and shows the path towards building of coherent magnon sources.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (42)
- A. V. Chumak et al., Advances in magnetics roadmap on spin-wave computing, IEEE Trans. Magn. 58, 1 (2022).
- H. Y. Yuan, Y. Cao, A. Kamra, R. A. Duine, and P. Yan, Quantum magnonics: When magnon spintronics meets quantum information science, Phys. Rep. 965, 1 (2022).
- B. Zare Rameshti, S. Viola Kusminskiy, J. A. Haigh, K. Usami, D. Lachance-Quirion, Y. Nakamura, C.-M. Hu, H. X. Tang, G. E. W. Bauer, and Y. M. Blanter, Cavity magnonics, Phys. Rep. 979, 1 (2022).
- Ö. O. Soykal and M. E. Flatté, Strong field interactions between a nanomagnet and a photonic cavity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 077202 (2010).
- H. Huebl, C. W. Zollitsch, J. Lotze, F. Hocke, M. Greifenstein, A. Marx, R. Gross, and S. T. B. Goennenwein, High cooperativity in coupled microwave resonator ferrimagnetic insulator hybrids, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 127003 (2013).
- Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Hybridizing ferromagnetic magnons and microwave photons in the quantum limit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 083603 (2014).
- Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, A. Noguchi, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Coherent coupling between a ferromagnetic magnon and a superconducting qubit, Science 349, 405 (2015).
- N. J. Lambert, A. Rueda, F. Sedlmeir, and H. G. L. Schwefel, Quantum information technologies: Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons–An overview of physical implementations, Adv. Quantum Technol. 3, 2070011 (2020).
- N. Lauk, N. Sinclair, S. Barzanjeh, J. P. Covey, M. Saffman, M. Spiropulu, and C. Simon, Perspectives on quantum transduction, Quantum Sci. Technol. 5, 020501 (2020).
- D. Awschalom et al., Development of quantum interconnects (QuICs) for next-generation information technologies, Phys. Rev. X Quantum 2, 017002 (2021).
- A. B. Matsko, A. A. Savchenkov, V. S. Ilchenko, D. Seidel, and L. Maleki, On fundamental quantum noises of whispering gallery mode electro-optic modulators, Opt. Express 15, 17401 (2007).
- J. M. Taylor, A. S. Sørensen, C. M. Marcus, and E. S. Polzik, Laser cooling and optical detection of excitations in a electrical circuit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 273601 (2011).
- M. Winger, T. D. Blasius, T. P. Mayer Alegre, A. H. Safavi-Naeini, S. Meenehan, J. Cohen, S. Stobbe, and O. Painter, A chip-scale integrated cavity-electro-optomechanics platform, Opt. Express 19, 24905 (2011).
- F. Engelhardt, V. A. S. V. Bittencourt, H. Huebl, O. Klein, and S. V. Kusminskiy, Optimal broadband frequency conversion via a magnetomechanical transducer, Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 044059 (2022).
- Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, A. Noguchi, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Quantum magnonics: The magnon meets the superconducting qubit, C. R. Phys. 17, 729 (2016).
- D. Lachance-Quirion, Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, A. Noguchi, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, and Y. Nakamura, Resolving quanta of collective spin excitations in a millimeter-sized ferromagnet, Sci. Adv. 3, e1603150 (2017).
- D. Lachance-Quirion, S. P. Wolski, Y. Tabuchi, S. Kono, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Entanglement-based single-shot detection of a single magnon with a superconducting qubit, Science 367, 425 (2020).
- S. P. Wolski, D. Lachance-Quirion, Y. Tabuchi, S. Kono, A. Noguchi, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Dissipation-based quantum sensing of magnons with a superconducting qubit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 117701 (2020).
- A. Blais, A. L. Grimsmo, S. M. Girvin, and A. Wallraff, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 025005 (2021).
- D. Xu, X.-K Gu, H.-K. Li, Y.-C. Weng, Y.-P. Wang, J. Li, H. Wang, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. Q. You, Quantum control of a single magnon in a macroscopic spin system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 193603 (2023).
- M. Kounalakis, G. E. W. Bauer, and Y. M. Blanter, Analog quantum control of magnonic cat states on a chip by a superconducting qubit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 037205 (2022).
- M. Kounalakis, S. Viola Kusminskiy, and Y. M. Blanter, Engineering entangled coherent states of magnons and phonons via a transmon qubit, Phys. Rev. B 108, 224416 (2023).
- M. Dols, S. Sharma, L. Bechara, Y. M. Blanter, M. Kounalakis, and S. Viola Kusminskiy, Magnon-mediated quantum gates for superconducting qubits, Phys. Rev. B 110, 104416 (2024).
- W. Heitler, The Quantum Theory of Radiation (Courier Corporation, Boston, 1984).
- C. Matthiesen, A. N. Vamivakas, and M. Atatüre, Subnatural linewidth single photons from a quantum dot, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 093602 (2012).
- C. Matthiesen, M. Geller, C. H. H. Schulte, C. Le Gall, J. Hansom, Z. Li, M. Hugues, E. Clarke, and M. Atatüre, Phase-locked indistinguishable photons with synthesized waveforms from a solid-state source, Nat. Commun. 4, 1600 (2014).
- Y. He, Y.-M. He, J. Liu, Y.-J. Wei, H. Y. Ramírez, M. Atatüre, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, C.-Y. Lu, and J.-W. Pan, Dynamically controlled resonance fluorescence spectra from a doubly dressed single InGaAs quantum dot, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 097402 (2015).
- H. K. C. Beukers, M. Pasini, H. Choi, D. Englund, R. Hanson, and J. Borregaard, Remote-entanglement protocols for stationary qubits with photonic interfaces, PRX Quantum 5, 010202 (2024).
- L. I. Childress, J. M. Taylor, A. Sørensen, and M. D. Lukin, Fault-tolerant quantum repeaters with minimal physical resources and implementations based on single-photon emitters, Phys. Rev. A 72, 052330 (2005).
- Z.-H. Li, D.-W. Wang, H. Zheng, S.-Y. Zhu, and M. S. Zubairy, Effect of the counterrotating-wave terms on the spontaneous emission from a multilevel atom, Phys. Rev. A 80, 023801 (2009).
- K. Wodkiewicz and J. H. Eberly, Markovian and non-Markovian behavior in two-level atom fluorescence, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 101, 574 (1976).
- M. Scully and M. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997).
- C. Cohen-Tannoudji, J. Dupont-Roc, and G. Grynberg, Atom-photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998).
- M. Newman, Computational Physics (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013).
- F. Casola, T. van der Sar, and A. Yacoby, Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, Nat. Rev. Mater. 3, 17088 (2018).
- Current microwave state-of-the-art sources can provide the driving with the frequency drift less than over the time span of 1 s; see Ref. [42]. Before this limit is reached, the width of the central peak will be of the order of , where is the total driving time.
- M. Atatüre, D. Englund, N. Vamivakas, S.-Y. Lee, and J. Wrachtrup, Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies, Nat. Rev. Mater. 3, 38 (2018).
- L. Tian and H. Wang,Optical wavelength conversion of quantum states with optomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 82, 053806 (2010).
- M. Tsang, Cavity quantum electro-optics. II. Input-output relations between traveling optical and microwave fields, Phys. Rev. A 84, 043845 (2011).
- H. Carmichael, Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1: Master Equations and Fokker-Planck Equations, Physics and Astronomy Online Library (Springer, Berlin, 1999).
- C. Gerry, P. Knight, and P. L. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2005).
- T. Nakamura, et al., Coherent optical clock down-conversion for microwave frequencies with instability, Science 368, 889 (2020).