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    Topological charge and bulk-surface correspondence for quad-helicoid surface states in topological semimetals with two glide-time-reversal symmetries

    Taiki Yukitake1 and Shuichi Murakami1,2,3,4,*

    • *Contact author: murakami@ap.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 115151 – Published 24 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/68zh-p5hg

    Abstract

    Quad-helicoid surface states (QHSSs) are unique surface states with two pairs of helicoid surface states in topological semimetals such as Dirac semimetals. So far, topologically protected QHSSs are shown to appear in spinless systems with two GT symmetries and T symmetry (G: glide, T: time-reversal). In this paper, we show that topologically protected QHSSs also appear in spinful/spinless systems with only two GT symmetries by defining new topological charges and establishing the bulk-surface correspondence. We first define a local Z2×Z2 monopole charge for gapless nodes at GT-invariant high-symmetry points and a global Z2 charge reflecting the global topological feature of GT-symmetric topological semimetals. Next, we show that the latter Z2 classification corresponds to the presence or absence of QHSSs on the surface with two GT symmetries. In addition, we provide simplified formulas of the Z2 charge under additional symmetries, and clarify some symmetry conditions where QHSSs are filling enforced.

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