Traditional memory architectures are approaching their physical limitations in storage density and energy efficiency. As a result, the development of high-density, low-power memory devices has garnered significant research attention. The inherent bistability as well as topological protection of the topological vortex makes it a promising candidate for next-generation information storage with high storage density. However, controllable switching of multiple vortices within a single storage unit remains a critical challenge. This study focuses on a two-dimensional ferroelectric-dielectric composite consisting of a ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$ matrix and four ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_3$ nanoparticles, and proposes a novel control strategy to program the circulation of vortices in a single unit. Our phase-field simulation shows that four vortices can spontaneously evolve in the nanoparticles. Moreover, the composite can undergo both complete and partial multivortex switching under external electrical and mechanical loading, achieving $2^4$ distinct multivortex polarization states that can realize the function of a programmable 4-bit storage unit. The proposed design can theoretically achieve a storage density of up to $3.82\times {10}^{12}\text{bit}/{\text{in}}^2$, offering new physical insights derived from strategic guidance for the structural design and functional control of multistate ferroelectric memory devices.

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• Domains
• Electric polarization
• Ferroelectricity
• Microstructure
• Phase-field modeling