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Andreev bound state spectroscopy of a quantum-dot-based Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with superconducting terminals

Peter Zalom1,*, Don Rolih2,3,†, and Rok Žitko2,3,‡

  • *Contact author: zalomp@fzu.cz
  • †Contact author: don.rolih@ijs.si
  • ‡Contact author: rok.zitko@ijs.si
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Phys. Rev. B 113, 075130 – Published 13 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/32tz-hmwr

Abstract

We analytically and numerically investigate an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with two superconducting terminals and a strongly correlated quantum dot in one arm. Through a rigorous derivation, we prove that this double-path interferometer is spectrally equivalent to a simpler system: an interacting quantum dot coupled to a noninteracting side-coupled proximitized mode and a semiconductor lead. This equivalence reveals a simple interpretation of the interferometer's behavior through the competition of a geometric factor χ, a key parameter characterizing the anomalous part of the hybridization function, with the properties of the side-coupled mode. We identify the conditions for the formation of doublet chimney in the phase diagrams in more general setting. Moreover, we show how the obtained Andreev bound state spectra clearly indicate the presence of Josephson diode effect generated by interferometric phenomena.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. B 113, 075130– Published 13 February, 2026
  • Received 9 July 2025
  • Revised 1 December 2025
  • Accepted 2 January 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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