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  • Letter

Prediction of a layer nonlinear Hall effect in bilayer nonmagnetic or antiferromagnetic systems

Zehou Li1, Shenda He2, Pan Zhou3,*, Baoru Pan4, Rui Tan1,†, and Lizhong Sun3,‡

  • 1Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy Materials and Application Technologies, University of Hunan Province & College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China
  • 2School of Science, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
  • 4Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

  • *Contact author: zhoupan71234@xtu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: rtan@hynu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: lzsun@xtu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 114, L111410 – Published 20 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2gyh-y52n

Abstract

Nonlinear Hall effects provide a powerful probe of quantum geometry in solids and enable rectification phenomena beyond the constraints of linear response. In this Letter, we predict a layer nonlinear Hall effect (LNHE) in stacked bilayer systems composed of nonmagnetic or antiferromagnetic materials with a vanishing linear Hall conductivity. In such systems, the second- or third-order nonlinear Hall responses are intrinsically layer odd: the contributions from the two constituent layers have equal magnitude but opposite sign, resulting in exact cancellation under layer-exchange symmetry. An out-of-plane electric field Ez can break this symmetry, thereby unveiling the hidden response and converting it into a switchable macroscopic nonlinear Hall signal. Using a minimal k·p model, we demonstrate that the LNHE can originate from the Berry curvature dipole mechanism. A systematic symmetry analysis of all 80 layer groups further yields a complete classification of the symmetry constraints and stacking configurations that allow for this type of LNHE. Beyond this mechanism, additional symmetry analysis reveals that LNHE may also arise from quantum metric dipole or inversed mass dipole. Remarkably, even in cases where second-order nonlinear Hall responses are symmetry forbidden, a third-order LNHE can still survive in certain stacked bilayer configurations. First-principles calculations on representative bilayers—nonmagnetic 1T′−WTe2 and 1T′−ReS2—explicitly demonstrate electrically reversible second-order LNHE, in full agreement with our symmetry-based predictions. Overall, our results establish LNHE as a universal phenomenon in a wide range of layered quantum materials and provide a robust route toward electrically tunable nonlinear transport.

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